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Millipore/MAB348A4 | Anti-Alzheimer Precursor Protein A4 Antibody, clone 22C11, Alexa488 Conj./MAB348A4/100 µL
  • Millipore/MAB348A4 | Anti-Alzheimer Precursor Protein A4 Antibody, clone 22C11, Alexa488 Conj./MAB348A4/100 µL

Millipore/MAB348A4 | Anti-Alzheimer Precursor Protein A4 Antibody, clone 22C11, Alexa488 Conj./MAB348A4/100 µL

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貨號(hào): MAB348A4
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    • Description
      CatalogueNumberMAB348A4
      DescriptionAnti-AlzheimerPrecursorProteinA4Antibody,clone22C11,Alexa488Conj.
      AlternateNames
      • AmyloidbetaA4protein
      • ABPP
      • APPI
      • APP
      • Alzheimerdiseaseamyloidprotein
      • Cerebralvascularamyloidpeptide
      • CVAP
      • PreA4
      • Proteasenexin-II
      • PN-II
      • N-APP
      • SolubleAPP-alpha
      • S-APP-alpha
      • SolubleAPP-beta
      • S-APP-beta
      • C99
      • Beta-amyloidprotein42
      • Beta-APP42
      • Beta-amyloidprotein40
      • Beta-APP40
      • C83
      • P3(42)
      • P3(40)
      • C80
      • Gamma-secretaseC-terminalfragment59
      • Amyloidintracellulardomain59
      • AICD-59
      • AID(59)
      • Gamma-CTF(59)
      • Gamma-secretaseC-terminalfragment57
      • Amyloidintracellulardomain57
      • AICD-57
      • AID(57)
      • Gamma-CTF(57)
      • Gamma-secretaseC-terminalfragment50
      • Amyloidintracellulardomain50
      • AICD-50
      • AID(50)
      • Gamma-CTF(50)
      • C31
      BackgroundInformationDepositsofamyloidproteininsenileplaquesnearnerveprocessesarefoundinthebrainsofagedhumanandcasesofAlzheimer"sDisease.TheprinciplecomponentofthisextracellularamyloidisbetaA4,a4kDapeptidederivedfromalargeramyloidprecursorprotein(APP),whichiswidelyexpressedinthebrainandbody.Thecreation,transportandfunctionoftheseproteinsiscurrentlyanactiveareaofresearch.
      ProductInformation
      FormatAlexaFluor?488
      Control
      • MouseN1E-115neuroblastomacells
      PresentationPurifiedmousemonoclonalIgG1conjugatedtoAlexaFluor?488inPBSwith0.1%sodiumazideand15mg/mLBSA.
      StorageandShippingInformation
      StorageConditionsMaintainrefrigeratedat2-8°Cprotectedfromlightinundilutedaliquotsforupto6monthsfromdateofreceipt.
      Applications
      ApplicationAnti-AlzheimerPrecursorProteinA4Antibody,clone22C11,Alexa488Conj.isanantibodyagainstAlzheimerPrecursorProteinA4foruseinIHC,ICC.
      KeyApplications
      • Immunohistochemistry
      • Immunocytochemistry
      ApplicationNotesImmunohistochmeistryAnalysis:A1:50dilutionfromarepresentativelotdetectedAlzheimerPrecursorProteinA4inadultmousebraintissue.
      BIOLOGicalInformation
      ImmunogenPurifiedrecombinantAlzheimerprecursorA4(preA4695)fusionprotein
      Epitopea.a.66-81ofAPP(N-terminus)
      Clone22C11
      HostMouse
      SpecificityUnconjugatedMAB348recognizesN-terminalaminoacids66-81onthepre-A4molecule(Hilbichetal.,1993).22C11recognizesallthreeisoformsofAPP:immature,~110kDa;sAPP,~120kDa;andmature,~130kDa(Hoffmannetal.,2000).ThisantibodyisknowntocrossreactwithAPLP2(Slunt,1994).
      IsotypeIgG1
      SpeciesReactivity
      • Rat
      • Mouse
      • Human
      • Monkey
      • Pig
      • Canine
      SpeciesReactivityNoteDemonstratedtoreactwithRat.PredictedtoreactwithMouse,Canine,Human,Monkey,andPorcinebasedon100%sequencehomology.
      AntibodyTypeMonoclonalAntibody
      EntrezGeneNumber
      EntrezGeneSummaryThisgeneencodesacellsurfacereceptorandtransmembraneprecursorproteinthatiscleavedbysecretasestoformanumberofpeptides.SomeofthesepeptidesaresecretedandcanbindtotheacetyltransferasecomplexAPBB1/TIP60topromotetranscriptionalactivation,whileothersformtheproteinbasisoftheamyloidplaquesfoundinthebrainsofpatientswithAlzheimerdisease.MutationsinthisgenehavebeenimplicatedinautosomaldominantAlzheimerdiseaseandcerebroarterialamyloidosis(cerebralamyloidangiopathy).Multipletranscriptvariantsencodingseveraldifferentisoformshavebeenfoundforthisgene.[providedbyRefSeq,Jul2008].
      GeneSymbol
      • APP
      • A4
      • AD1
      PurificationMethodProteinAPurfied
      UniProtNumber
      UniProtSummaryFUNCTION:Thegamma-CTFpeptidesaswellasthecaspase-cleavedpeptides,includingC31,arepotentenhancersofneuronalapoptosis.

      SIZE:770aminoacids;86943Da

      SUBUNIT:Binds,viaitsC-terminus,tothePIDdomainofseveralcytoplasmicproteins,includingAPBBfamilymembers,theAPBAfamily,MAPK8IP1,SHC1and,NumbandDab1(Bysimilarity).BindingtoDab1inhibitsitsserinephosphorylation(Bysimilarity).AlsointeractswithGPCR-likeproteinBPP,FPRL1,APPBP1,IB1,KNS2(viaitsTPRdomains)(Bysimilarity),APPBP2(viaBaSS)andDDB1.Invitro,itbindsMAPTviatheMT-bindingdomains(Bysimilarity).AssociateswithmicrotubulesinthepresenceofATPandinakinesin-dependentmanner(Bysimilarity).Interacts,throughaC-terminaldomain,withGNAO1.Amyloidbeta-42bindsCHRNA7inhippocampalneurons.Beta-amyloidassociateswithHADH2.SolubleAPPbinds,viaitsN-terminalhead,toFBLN1.InteractswithCPEB1(Bysimilarity).

      SUBCELLULARLOCATION:Membrane;Single-passtypeImembraneprotein.Note=Cellsurfaceproteinthatrapidlybecomesinternalizedviaclathrin-coatedpits.Duringmaturation,theimmatureAPP(N-glycosylatedintheendoplasmicreticulum)movestotheGolgicomplexwherecompletematurationoccurs(O-glycosylatedandsulfated).Afteralpha-secretasecleavage,solubleAPPisreleasedintotheextracellularspaceandtheC-terminalisinternalizedtoendosomesandlysosomes.SomeAPPaccumulatesinsecretorytransportvesiclesleavingthelateGolgicompartmentandreturnstothecellsurface.Gamma-CTF(59)peptideislocatedtoboththecytoplasmandnucleiofneurons.ItcanbetranslocatedtothenucleusthroughassociationwithFe65.Beta-APP42associateswithFRPL1atthecellsurfaceandthecomplexisthenrapidlyinternalized.APPsortstothebasolateralsurfaceinepithelialcells.Duringneuronaldifferentiation,theThr-743phosphorylatedformislocatedmainlyingrowthcones,moderatelyinneuritesandsparinglyinthecellbody.Caseinkinasephosphorylationcanoccureitheratthecellsurfaceorwithinapost-Golgicompartment.

      TISSUESPECIFICITY:Expressedinallfetaltissuesexaminedwithhighestlevelsinbrain,kidney,heartandspleen.Weakexpressioninliver.Inadultbrain,highestexpressionfoundinthefrontallobeofthecortexandintheanteriorperisylviancortex-operculargyri.Moderateexpressioninthecerebellarcortex,theposteriorperisylviancortex-operculargyriandthetemporalassociatedcortex.Weakexpressionfoundinthestriate,extra-striateandmotorcortices.IsoformAPP695isthepredominantforminneuronaltissue,isoformAPP751andisoformAPP770arewidelyexpressedinnon-neuronalcells.IsoformAPP751isthemostabundantforminT-lymphocytes.Appicanisexpressedinastrocytes.

      DOMAIN:Thebasolateralsortingsignal(BaSS)isrequiredforsortingofmembraneproteinstothebasolateralsurfaceofepithelialcells.&TheNPXYsequencemotiffoundinmanytyrosine-phosphorylatedproteinsisrequiredforthespecificbindingofthePIDdomain.However,additionalaminoacidseitherN-orC-terminaltotheNPXYmotifareoftenrequiredforcompleteinteraction.ThePIDdomain-containingproteinswhichbindAPPrequiretheYENPTYmotifforfullinteraction.Theseinteractionsareindependentofphosphorylationontheterminaltyrosineresidue.TheNPXYsiteisalsoinvolvedinclathrin-mediatedendocytosis.

      PTM:Proteolyticallyprocessedundernormalcellularconditions.Cleavagebyalpha-secretaseoralternativelybybeta-secretaseleadstogenerationandextracellularreleaseofsolubleAPPpeptides,S-APP-alphaandS-APP-beta,respectively,andtheretentionofcorrespondingmembrane-anchoredC-terminalfragments,C83andC99.SubsequentprocessingofC83bygamma-secretaseyieldsP3peptides.Thisisthemajorsecretorypathwayandisnon-amyloidogenic.Alternatively,presenilin/nicastrin-mediatedgamma-secretaseprocessingofC99releasestheamyloidbetaproteins,amyloid-beta40(Abeta40)andamyloid-beta42(Abeta42),majorcomponentsofamyloidplaques,andthecytotoxicC-terminalfragments,gamma-CTF(50),gamma-CTF(57)andgamma-CTF(59).&Proteolyticallycleavedbycaspasesduringneuronalapoptosis.CleavageatAsp-739byeithercaspase-6,-8or-9resultsintheproductionoftheneurotoxicC31peptideandtheincreasedproductionofbeta-amyloidpeptides.&N-andO-glycosylated.O-linkageofchondroitinsulfatetotheL-APPisoformsproducestheAPPproteoglycancoreproteins,theappicans.Thechondroitinsulfatechainofappicanscontains4-O-sulfatedgalactoseinthelinkageregionandchondroitinsulfateEintherepeateddisaccharideregion(Bysimilarity).&PhosphorylationintheC-terminalontyrosine,threonineandserineresiduesisneuron-specific.PhosphorylationcanaffectAPPprocessing,neuronaldifferentiationandinteractionwithotherproteins.PhosphorylatedonThr-743inneuronalcellsbyCdc5kinaseandMapk10,individingcellsbyCdc2kinaseinacell-cycledependentmannerwithmaximallevelsattheG2/Mphaseand,invitro,byGSK-3-beta.TheThr-743phosphorylatedformcausesaconformationalchangewhichreducesbindingofFe65familymembers.PhosphorylationonTyr-757isrequiredforSHCbinding.Phosphorylatedintheextracellulardomainbycaseinkinasesonbothsolubleandmembrane-boundAPP.Thisphosphorylationisinhibitedbyheparin.&Extracellularbindingandreductionofcopper,resultsinacorrespondingoxidationofCys-144andCys-158,andtheformationofadisulfidebond.Invitro,theAPP-Cu(+)complexinthepresenceofhydrogenperoxideresultsinanincreasedproductionofbeta-amyloid-containingpeptides.

      DISEASE:DefectsinAPPareacauseofautosomaldominantAlzheimerdisease(AD)[MIM:104300].ADisthemostprevelantformofdementia,characterizedbyneurofibrillarytanglesandamyloidplaquesdepositioninthebrain.IdenticallesionsoccurintheneuronsofagedDownsyndromebutatanearlieragethaninAD.Themajorconstituentoftheseneuriticplaquesistheneurotoxicamyloid-beta-APP40-42peptide(s),derivedproteolyticallyfromthetransmembraneprecursorproteinAPPbysequentialsecretaseprocessing.Mutationsoccurringatthebeta-amyloidN-terminal,suchastheSwedishdoublemutation,appeartoincreaselevelsofbeta-amyloidbyfacilitatingbeta-secretasecleavageresultinginelevatedlevelsofbothbeta-APP42andbeta-APP40.ThecytotoxicC-terminalfragments(CTFs)andthecaspase-cleavedproductssuchasC31,arealsoimplicatedinADneuronaldeath.AlzheimerdiseasecausedbymutationsinAPPisarareoccurrenceandusuallycausesthefamilialorearly-onsetformofthedisease(FAD).Flemish-typeADischaracterizedby,inadditiontopreseniledementia,cerebralhemorrhagingduetocerebralamyloidangiopathywhichissimilarto,butdistinctfrom,cerebroarterialamyloidosisDutchtype.Onlyabout5%ofallcasesofAlzheimerdiseasearecausedbyFADmutations,therestaresporADIc.&DefectsinAPParethecauseofhereditarycerebralhemorrhagewithamyloidosisDutchtype(HCHWAD)[MIM:609065].HCHWADischaracterizedbyamyloiddepositsincerebralvessels.Theprincipalclinicalcharacteristicsarerecurringcerebralhemorrhages,sometimesprecededbymigrainousheadachesormentalcleavage.Beta-APP40isthepredominantformofcerebrovascularamyloid.&DefectsinAPParethecauseofhereditarycerebroarterialamyloidosisIowatype[MIM:605714].HereditarycerebroarterialamyloidosisIowatypeisanautosomaldominantdementiabeginninginthesixthorseventhdecadeoflife.Thepatientshaveprogressiveaphasicdementia,leukoencephalopathy,andoccipitalcalcifications.Theydonotpresentcerebralhemorrhaging.

      SIMILARITY:BelongstotheAPPfamily.&Contains1BPTI/Kunitzinhibitordomain.

      MISCELLANEOUS:Chelationofmetalions,notablycopper,ironandzinc,caninducehistidine-bridgingbetweenbeta-amyloidmoleculesresultinginbeta-amyloid-metalaggregates.Theaffinityforcopperismuchhigherthanforothertransientmetalsandisincreasedunderacidicconditions.Extracellularzinc-bindingincreasesbindingofheparintoAPPandinhibitscollagen-binding.
      MolecularWeightReactswithpre-A4.Theunconjugatedantibody(MAB348)recognizesallthreeisoformsofAPP,immature~110kDa,sAPP~120kDa,andmature~130kDa(Hoffmannetal.,2000).
      PhysicochemicalInformation
      Dimensions
      MaterialsInformation
      MaterialsInformation
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