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咨詢(xún)顧問(wèn)Hyocholic acid
3α,6α,7α-trihydroxy-5?-cholanic acid
Hyocholic acid (HCA) is found in trace amounts in humans, but it’s a primary bile acid (BA) in pigs (roughly about 76% of the BA pool in pigs).
It’s commonly referred to as:
- - Iocholic acid
- - Hyocholate
- - α-Hyocholic acid
- - Hyocholsaure
This compound is a trihydroxy-5β-cholanic acid in which there are three hydroxy substituents at positions 3α, 6α, and 7α. The enzyme that catalyzes the 6-hydroxylation process of chenodeoxycholic acid in pigs is the cytochrome P450 CYP4A21.
Having a third hydroxyl group at 6α-position is what differs Hyocholic acid from the primary bile cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. Hyocholic acids are different from muricholic acids, as well, since they are 6β-hydroxylated. So, Hyocholic acid is a C24-steroid, a 6α-hydroxy steroid, and a 7α-hydroxy steroid.
Hyocholic acid is present at very low concentrations in human blood and urine. However, it’s often found in patients with cholestasis, and it’s usually increased after sleeve gastrectomy to manage obesity.
Hyocholic acid is also known to improve glucose metabolism and aids glucose homeostasis through a TGR5 and FXR signaling mechanism. It shows exceptional resistance to spontaneous diabetic phenotypes in pig and mouse models.
According to recent studies, Hyocholic acid has low toxicity against human hepatoma HepG2 cells.
In addition, Hyocholic acid is widely used as an internal standard for the quantitation of human fecal bile acids. This is a valuable method for the quantitative investigation of fecal bile acids, which is crucial to sterol balance studies.
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