UniProtSummary | FUNCTION:Actsasatumorsuppressorinmanytumortypes;inducesgrowtharrestorapoptosisdependingonthephysiologicalcircumstancesandcelltype.Involvedincellcycleregulationasatrans-activatorthatactstonegativelyregulatecelldivisionbycontrollingasetofgenesrequiredforthisprocess.Oneoftheactivatedgenesisaninhibitorofcyclin-dependentkinases.ApoptosisinductionseemstobemediatedeitherbystimulationofBAXandFASantigenexpression,orbyrepressionofBcl-2expression.ImplicatedinNotchsignalingcross-over. COFACTOR:Binds1zincionpersubunit. SUBUNITSTRUCTURE:InteractswithAXIN1.ProbablypartofacomplexconsistingofTP53,HIPK2andAXIN1Bysimilarity.BindsDNAasahomotetramer.InteractswithhistoneacetyltransferasesEP300andmethyltransferasesHRMT1L2andCARM1,andrecruitsthemtopromoters.Invitro,theinteractionofTP53withcancer-associated/HPV(E6)viralproteinsleadstoubiquitinationanddegradationofTP53givingapossIBLemodelforcellgrowthregulation.Thiscomplexformationrequiresanadditionalfactor,E6-AP,whichstablyassociateswithTP53inthepresenceofE6.Interacts(viaC-terminus)withTAF1;whenTAF1ispartoftheTFIIDcomplex.InteractswithING4;thisinteractionmaybeindirect.FoundinacomplexwithCABLES1andTP73.InteractswithHIPK1,HIPK2,andP53DINP1.InteractswithWWOX.MayinteractwithHCVcoreprotein.InteractswithUSP7andSYVN1.InteractswithHSP90AB1.InteractswithCHD8;leADIngtorecruithistoneH1andpreventtransactivationactivityBysimilarity.InteractswithARMC10,BANP,CDKN2AIPandE4F1.InteractswithYWHAZ;theinteractionenhancesTP53transcriptionalactivity.PhosphorylationofYWHAZon"Ser-58"inhibitsthisinteraction.Interacts(viaDNA-bindingdomain)withMAML1(viaN-terminus).InteractswithMKRN1.DirectlyinteractswithFBXO42;leadingtoubiquinationanddegradationofTP53. SUBCELLULARLOCATION:Cytoplasm.Nucleus.Endoplasmicreticulum.Note:InteractionwithBANPpromotesnuclearlocalization. DOMAIN:Thenuclearexportsignalactsasatranscriptionalrepressiondomain.
PTM:Acetylated.AcetylationofLys-382byCREBBPenhancestranscriptionalactivity.DeacetylationofLys-382bySIRT1impairsitsabilitytoinduceproapoptoticprogramandmodulatecellsenescence. PhosphorylationonSerresiduesmediatestranscriptionalactivation.PhosphorylatedbyHIPK1Bysimilarity.PhosphorylationatSer-9byHIPK4increasesrepressionactivityonBIRC5promoter.PhosphorylatedonThr-18byVRK1,whichmaypreventtheinteractionwithMDM2.PhosphorylatedonThr-55byTAF1,whichpromotesMDM2-mediateddegradation.PhosphorylatedonSer-46byHIPK2uponUVirradiation.PhosphorylationonSer-46isrequiredforacetylationbyCREBBP.PhosphorylatedonSer-392followingUVbutnotgammairradiation.PhosphorylateduponDNAdamage,probablybyATMorATR.PhosphorylatedonSer-15uponultravioletirradiation;whichisenhancedbyinteractionwithBANP. DephosphorylatedbyPP2A.SV40smallTantigeninhibitsthedephosphorylationbytheACformofPP2A MaybeO-glycosylatedintheC-terminalbasicregion.StudiedinEB-1cellline. UbiquitinatedbySYVN1,whichleadstoproteasomaldegradation.UbiquitinatedbyMKRN1atLys-291andLys-292,whichleadstoproteasomaldegradation. MonomethylatedatLys-372bySETD7,leadingtostabilizationandincreasedtranscriptionalactivation.MonomethylatedatLys-370bySMYD2,leadingtodecreasedDNA-bindingactivityandsubsequenttranscriptionalregulationactivity.Lys-372monomethylationpreventsinteractionwithSMYD2andsubsequentmonomethylationatLys-370.SumoylatedbySUMO1. Demethylationofdi-methylatedLys-370byKDM1/LSD1preventsinteractionwithTP53BP1andrepressesTP53-mediatedtranscriptionalactivation. INVOLVEMENTINDISEASE:TP53isfoundinincreasedamountsinawidevarietyoftransformedcells.TP53isfrequentlymutatedorinactivatedinabout60%ofcancers. DefectsinTP53areinvolvedinesophagealsquamouscellcarcinoma(ESCC)[MIM:133239].ESCCisatumoroftheesophagus. DefectsinTP53areacauseofLi-Fraumenisyndrome(LFS)[MIM:151623].LFSisanautosomaldominantfamilialcancersyndromethatinitsclassicformisdefinedbytheexistenceofaprobandaffectedbyasarcomabefore45yearswithafirstdegreerelativeaffectedbyanytumorbefore45yearsandanotherfirstdegreerelativewithanytumorbefore45yearsorasarcomaatanyage.OtherclinicaldefinitionsforLFShavebeenproposed(Ref.103andRef.106)andcalledLi-Fraumenilikesyndrome(LFL).Inthesefamiliesaffectedrelativesdevelopadiversesetofmalignanciesatunusuallyearlyages.Fourtypesofcancersaccountfor80%oftumorsoccurringinTP53germlinemutationcarriers:breastcancers,softtissueandbonesarcomas,braintumors(astrocytomas)andadrenocorticalcarcinomas.Lessfrequenttumorsincludechoroidplexuscarcinomaorpapillomabeforetheageof15,rhaBDomyosarcomabeforetheageof5,leukemia,Wilmstumor,malignantphyllodestumor,colorectalandgastriccancers. DefectsinTP53maybeassociatedwithnasopharyngealcarcinoma[MIM:161550];alsoknownasnasopharyngealcancer. DefectsinTP53arefoundinBarrettmetaplasia;alsoknownasBarrettesophagus.Itisaconditioninwhichthenormallystratifiedsquamousepitheliumoftheloweresophagusisreplacedbyametaplasticcolumnarepithelium.Theconditiondevelopsasacomplicationinapproximately10%ofpatientswithchronicgastroesophagealrefluxdiseaseandpredisposestothedevelopmentofesophagealadenocarcinoma. DefectsinTP53areinvolvedinheadandnecksquamouscellcarcinomas(HNSCC)[MIM:275355]. DefectsinTP53areinvolvedinoralsquamouscellcarcinoma(OSCC).Cigarettesmokeisaprimemutagenicagentincanceroftheaerodigestivetract. DefectsinTP53areacauseoflungcancer[MIM:211980]. DefectsinTP53areacauseofchoroidplexuspapilloma[MIM:260500].Choroidplexuspapillomaisaslow-growingbenigntumorofthechoroidplexusthatofteninvadestheleptomeninges.Inchildrenitisusuallyinalateralventriclebutinadultsitismoreofteninthefourthventricle.Hydrocephalusiscommon,eitherfromobstructionorfromtumorsecretionofcerebrospinalfluid.Ifitundergoesmalignanttransformationitiscalledachoroidplexuscarcinoma.Primarychoroidplexustumorsarerareandusuallyoccurinearlychildhood. DefectsinTP53areacauseofoneformofhereditaryadrenocorticalcarcinoma(ADCC)[MIM:202300].ADCCisararechildhoodtumor,representingabout0.4%ofchildhoodtumors,withahighincidenceofassociatedtumors.ADCCoccurswithincreasedfrequencyinpatientswiththeBeckwith-Wiedemannsyndrome[MIM:130650]andisacomponenttumorinLi-Fraumenisyndrome[MIM:151623]. SEQUENCESIMILARITIES:Belongstothep53family.
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